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Recently, there has been a sharp increase in flu patients within a week, raising concerns about a "twin-demic" of flu and COVID-19 spreading simultaneously.
I, too, started experiencing chills and a cough yesterday, so I went to the hospital to get an injection and medication. Since the flu is rampant, I recommend visiting a hospital immediately if you feel any cold symptoms.
Now, let’s take a closer look at the flu.
What is the Flu?
The flu is an acute respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus.
It can affect both the upper respiratory tract, such as the nose and throat, and the lower respiratory tract, like the lungs.
It is characterized by sudden high fever, headaches, muscle aches, and general weakness, making daily life very challenging.
The flu is highly contagious, spreading rapidly in places like schools, workplaces, and public areas. It is prevalent during winter worldwide and can be fatal in severe cases, especially for the elderly, children, and those with underlying health conditions.
How is the Flu Different from a Cold?
The flu is often compared to a common cold, but there are significant differences:
| Category | Cold | Flu |
|---|---|---|
| Cause | Various viruses | Influenza virus |
| Symptoms | Mild sore throat, cough | High fever, headache, muscle aches, cough |
| Contagiousness | Relatively low | Very high |
| Progression | Improves within a few days | Can lead to severe complications |
The flu, unlike a cold, causes sudden high fever and severe systemic symptoms along with intense respiratory symptoms, making it far more serious.
Causes of the Flu: Influenza Virus
The flu is primarily caused by the influenza A and B viruses.
- Influenza A: Highly prevalent due to frequent mutations.
- Influenza B: Generally milder with fewer mutations.
Influenza A can form various strains based on the combination of H and N antigens on its surface. For instance, it has been responsible for pandemics like bird flu and swine flu. The virus undergoes mutations, allowing previously harmless avian viruses to infect humans. Due to these frequent mutations, a new flu vaccine is required each year.
Symptoms of the Flu
Unlike a cold, flu symptoms typically appear suddenly after an incubation period of about two days. Both systemic and respiratory symptoms manifest:
- Systemic Symptoms: Headache, high fever, chills, muscle pain, fatigue
- Respiratory Symptoms: Cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion
The combination of high fever and systemic weakness can make even healthy individuals struggle with daily activities. However, symptoms can vary; some may only experience a mild cough without fever, while others may show typical flu symptoms like high fever and body aches.
Diagnosis and Treatment of the Flu
Diagnosis Methods
During flu season, symptoms may lead to initial suspicion. For confirmation, the following tests are used:
- Virus Culture Test: Accurate but takes 48-72 hours.
- Antigen Detection Test: Provides quick results.
- Nucleic Acid Test (PCR): The most precise method, detecting viral genetic material.
Treatment Methods
Antiviral medications like Tamiflu and Peramivir are used to treat the flu. These drugs are most effective when taken within 48 hours of symptom onset, though they are still recommended for high-risk groups even after this period.
Complications of the Flu
While the flu may be mild for healthy individuals, it can lead to severe complications in those with weakened immune systems.
Major Complications
- Pneumonia: Caused by the flu virus itself or secondary bacterial infections.
- Reye's Syndrome: May occur in children taking aspirin.
- Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle, a serious condition.
- Encephalitis: A rare but life-threatening neurological complication.
Those at higher risk, including the elderly, individuals with chronic illnesses, pregnant women, and young children, should exercise extra caution.
How to Prevent the Flu
Importance of Vaccination
The most effective way to prevent the flu is through vaccination.
The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts which influenza strains will be prevalent each year and announces new vaccines accordingly.
- Recommended Timing: Late fall to early winter
- Target Group: All adults, especially high-risk groups
Other Preventive Measures
- Wash hands frequently.
- Practice proper cough etiquette.
- Avoid crowded places during flu season.
The flu is not just a mild illness. Proper prevention and timely treatment are essential to protect yourself from its dangers. High-risk groups, in particular, should prioritize vaccination and ensure a healthy winter free from the flu!